ARANEIDAE Simon, 1895

Nombre común en ingles: Orb Web Spiders

Nombre común en castellano: Se desconoce

Familias similares:

Género tipo: Araneus Clerck, 1757

Diagnosis: Small to large araneomorph spiders; three tarsal, ecribellate, entelegyne; eight eyes in two rows with lateral eyes widely separated from median eyes; labium rebordered; abdomen globose, overhanging the carapace; legs usually with numerous spines and sustentaculum on tarsus IV; male palp with mesal cymbium, median apophysis and radix in the embolic division; an orb web a sticky spiral, or a modification of such a web, is constructed.

Caracteres descriptivos: Caparazón: frequently flat; cephalic region usually separated from thoracic region by oblique depresion; fovea distinct to absent. Esternón: heart-shaped or triangular. Ojos: eight; in two rows (4:4); lateral eye groups widely separated from median eyes; tapetum narrow and shifted laterally in posterior median eyes. Quelíceros: stong; vertical with lateral condyle; cheliceral furrow with two rows of teeth. Piezas bucales: labium wider than long, thickened anteriorly (rebordered); endites widest anteriorly. Patas: three claws; legs usually furnished with numerous spines; trichobothria present on all leg segments excep tarsi; tarsi IV with sustentaculum. Abdomen: varies greatly; usually globose, overhanging carapace; dorsum frequently with distinct pattern and humps; covered with serrated setae; branchial opercula grooved. Hileras: simple; with aggregatee silk gland spigots; posterior median spinnerets with anterior field of aciniform gland spigots; colulus present. Sistema respiratorio: two booklungs; booklung covers grooved; tracheal spiracle close to spinerets. Genitalia: entelegyne; epigyne completely or partially sclerotized, frequently with a scapus; epigynal plate with transverse furrows; male palp complex; femur often with basal tubercle; patella often with two macrosetae; paracymbium usually a sclerotized hook; median apophysis present; bulbus rotated within cymbium. Tamaño corporal: 3-30 mm; sexual dimorphism in many genera, male then much smaller than female (Caerostris; Gasterocantha). Color: varies betwenn subfamilies, diurnal species usually more brightly coloured than the greyish brow to dark brown nocturnal species.

Estatus taxonómico: The Araneidae are considered sisters to all other Araneoidea. In a more recent analysis (Kuntner, 2005, 2006), that place is taken by the Nephilidae in the sense that they are positioned between the Araneidae and the rest of the Araneoidea.

Distribución: The Araneidae occur worldwide.

Estilo de vida: Araneids are a diverse group of sticky orb-web weavers occupying a wide range of habitats. Several genera (Cyrtarachninae) have reduced webs or have entirely abandoned web building.

Bibliografía:

  • Davies, V.T. 1988. An illustrated guide to the genera of orb-wearing spiders in Australia. Mem. Qd. Mus. 25: 273-332.

  • Griswold, C.E., Coddington, J.A., Hormiga, G. & Scharff, N. 1998. Phylogeny of the orb-web building spiders (Araneae, Orbiculariae: Deinopoidea, Araneoidea). Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 123: 1-99.

  • Levi, H.W. 2002. Keys to the genera of araneid orbweavers (Araneae, Afraneidae) of the Americal. J. Arachnol. 30: 527-562.

  • Levi, H.W. 2005a. Araneidae. pp. 68-74 in Ubick, D., Paquin, P., Cushing, P.E. & Roth, V. (Eds) 2005. The Spiders of North America. An Identification Manual. American Arachnological Society.

  • Scharff, N. & Coddington, J.A. 1997. A phylogenetic analysis of the orb-weaving spider family Araneidae (Arachnida, Araneae). Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 120: 355-434.

          24 géneros y 61 especies presentes en la Península Ibérica:

  • Aculepeira Strand, 1928
                      - A. armida (Audouin, 1826)
                      - A. carbonaria (L. Koch, 1869)
                      - A. ceropegia (Walckenaer, 1802)

  • Agalenaea Archer, 1951
                      - A. redii (Scopoli, 1763)

  • Araneus Clerck, 1757
                      - A. angulatus Clerck, 1757
                      - A. circe (Audouin, 1826)
                      - A. diadematus Clerck, 1757
                      - A. grossus (C. L. Koch, 1844)
                      - A. marmoreus Clerck, 1757
                      - A. pallidus (Olivier, 1789)
                      - A. quadratus Clerck, 1757
                      - A. sturni (Hahn, 1831)
                      - A. triguttatus (Fabricius, 1793)
                      - A. vulpinus (Hahn, 1834)

  • Araniella Chamberling & Ivie, 1942
                      - A. alpica (L. Koch, 1869)
                      - A. cucurbitina (Clerck, 1757)
                      - A. inconspicua (Simon, 1874)
                      - A. opisthographa (Kulczynski, 1905)

  • Argiope Audouin, 1826
                      - A. bruennichi (Scopoli, 1772)
                      - A. lobata (Pallas, 1772)
                      - A. trifasciata (Forsskål, 1775)

  • Cercidia Thorell, 1869
                      - C. prominens (Westring, 1851)

  • Cyclosa Menge, 1866
                      - C. algerica Simon, 1885
                      - C. conica (Pallas, 1772)
                      - C. groppalii Pesarini, 1998
                      - C. insulana (Costa, 1834)
                      - C. oculata (Walckenaer, 1802)
                      - C. sierrae Simon, 1870

  • Cyrtarachne Thorell, 1868
                      - C. ixoides (Simon, 1870)

  • Cyrtophora Simon, 1864
                      - C. citricola (Forsskål, 1775)

  • Gibbaranea Archer, 1951
                      - G. bituberculata (Walckenaer, 1802)
                      - G. gibbosa (Walckenaer, 1802)
                      - G. omoeda (Thorell, 1870)
                      - G. ullrichi (Hahn, 1835)

  • Hypsosinga Ausserer, 1871
                      - H. albovittata (Westring, 1851)
                      - H. heri (Hahn, 1831)
                      - H. pygmaea (Sundevall, 1831)
                      - H. sanguinea (C. L. Koch, 1844))

  • Larinia Simon, 1874
                      - L. lineata (Lucas, 1846)

  • Larinioides Caporiacco, 1934
                      - L. cornutus (Clerck, 1757)
                      - L. patagiatus (Clerck, 1757)
                      - L. sclopetarius (Clerck, 1757)
                      - L. suspicax (O. P.-Cambridge, 1876)

  • Leviellus Wunderlich, 2004
                      - L. kochi (Thorell, 1870)

  • Mangora O. P.-Cambridge, 1889
                      - M. acalypha (Walckenaer, 1802)

  • Nemosculus Simon, 1895
                      - N. laurae (Simon, 1868)

  • Neoscona Simon, 1864
                      - N. adianta (Walckenaer, 1802)
                      - N. subfusca (C. L. Koch, 1837)

  • Nuctenea Simon, 1864
                      - N. umbratica (Clerck, 1757)

  • Parazygiella Wunderlich, 2004
                      - P. montana (C. L. Koch, 1834)

  • Singa C. L. Koch, 1836
                      - S. aussereri Thorell, 1873
                      - S. hamata (Clerck, 1757)
                      - S. lucina (Audouin, 1826)
                      - S. neta (O. P.-Cambridge, 1872)
                      - S. nitidula C. L. Koch, 1844

  • Siwa Grasshoff, 1970
                      - S. dufouri (Simon, 1874)

  • Stroemiellus Wunderlich, 2004
                      - S. troemi (Thorell, 1870)

  • Zilla C. L. Koch, 1834
                      - Z. diodia (Walckenaer, 1802)

  • Zygiella F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1902
                      - Z. atrica (Simon, 1868)
                      - Z. keyserlingi (Ausserer, 1871)
                      - Z. x-nonata (Clerck, 1757)
 
Agelena labyrinthica © Pedro Cardoso