DYSDERIDAE C. L. Koch, 1837

Nombre común en ingles: Long-fanged six-eyed spiders

Nombre común en castellano: Se desconoce

Familias similares:

Género tipo: Dysdera Latreille, 1804

Diagnosis: Medium-sized araneomorph spiders; two three tarsal claws; ecribellate; haplogyne; six eyes a distinct pair of tracheal spiracles posterior to booklung slits; female genitalia with posterior spermatheca; sternum joined to carapace by intercoxal sclerites, chelicerae and fangs well developed.

Caracteres descriptivos: Caparazón: longer than wide; clypeus narrow; fovea reduced to a longitudinal black stripe; not nested; integument sclerotized, usually with fine granulation. Esternón: joined to carapace by intercoxal sclerites. Ojos: six; in compact group near clypeal edge. Quelíceros: free, well-developed; subchelate; cheliceral furrow with 3-5 teeth; fangs well developed; lamina absent. Piezas bucales: labium longer than wide, usually with a deep notch at anterior edge; endites parallel. Patas: two or three claws; at least tibiae and metatarsi of hind legs with setae. Palpo femenino: claw present, without teeth. Abdomen: oboid; usually with sparse cover of short setae. Hileras: anterior spinnerets three-segmented, apical segment longest; colulus absent. Sistema respiratorio: two booklungs; two distinct pairs of spiracles; anterior pair leading to booklungs, posterior pair situated behind epigastric groove, leading to tracheae. Genitalia: haplogyne; female genitalia with anterior and posterior spermathecae and internal sclerite (endogyne); male palp variable; tarsus short or long; bulbus originating medioventrally on cymbium. Tamaño corporal: 2.5-20 mm. Color: carapace and legs brown, black, yellow, orange or red, abdomen usually grey.

Estatus taxonómico: Forster & Platnick (1985) separated the Segestriinae from the Dysderidae and validated it as a separate family. They recognised the monophyly of the superfamily Dysderoidea, which also comprises the Segestriidae, Orsolobidae and Oonopidae.

Distribución: The Dysderidae is a Western Palearctic family with remarkably small areas of distribution of particular species. Dysdera crocata has been introduced worldwide.

Estilo de vida: Dysderids are free-living norturnal wandering spiders of the ground layer or tree trunks. They spend daylight in a silken retreat. Many species are troglobitic, Dysdera has a prey specialisation in woodlice.

Bibliografía:

  • Alicata, P. 1964. Le Dysdera del gruppo andreinii della fauna italiana (Araneae, Dysderidae). Atti Accad. gioenia Sci. nat. (6) 16: 67-86.

  • Arnedo, M.A., Oromí, P. & Ribera, C. 1997. Radiation of the genus Dysdera (Araneae, Haplogynae, Dysderidae) in the Canary Islands: The western islands. Zool. Scripta 25: 241-274.

  • Arnedo, M.A., Oromí, P. & Ribera, C. 2000. Systematics of the genus Dysdera (Araneae, Dysderidae) in the eastern Canary Islands. J. Arachnol. 28: 261-292.

  • Arnedo, M.A. & Ribera, C. 1997. Radiation in the genus Dysdera (Araneae, Haplogynae, Dysderidae) in the Canary Islands: The island of Gran Canaria. Zool. Scripta 26: 205-243.

  • Arnedo, M.A. & Ribera, C. 1999. Radiation in the genus Dysdera (Araneae, Dysderidae) in the Canary Islands: The island of Tenerife. J. Arachnol. 27: 604-662.

  • Cooke, J.A.L. 1965. Spider genus Dysdera (Araneae, Dysderidae). Nature 205: 1027-1028.

  • Deeleman-Reinhold, C.L. 1993. The genus Rhode and the harpacteine genera Stalagtia, Folkia, Minotauria, and Kaemis (Araneae, Dysderidae) of Yugoslavia and Crete, with remarks on the genus Harpactea. Revue arachnol. 10: 105-135.

  • Deeleman-Reinhold, C.L. & Deeleman, P.R. 1988. Revision des Dysderinae (Araneae, Dysderidae), les espèces méditerranéennes occidentales exceptées. Tijdschr. Ent. 131: 141-269.

  • Dippenaar-Schoeman, A.S. & Jocqué, R. 1997. African Spiders: An Identification Manual. Plant Protection Res. Inst. Handbook, no. 9, Pretoria, 392 pp.

  • Ferrández, M.A. 1986. Las especies ibericas del género Harpactocrates Simon, 1914 (Araneida: Dysderidae). Actas X Congr. Int. Aracnol. 1: 337-348.

  • Forster, R.R. & Platnick, N.I. 1985. A review of the austral spider family Orsolobidae (Arachnida, Araneae), with notes on the superfamily Dysderoidea. Bull. Am. Mus. nat. Hist. 181: 1-230.

  • Ubick, D. 2005d. Dysderidae. p. 103 in Ubick, D., Paquin, P., Cushing, P. E. & Roth, V. (Eds) 2005. The Spiders of North America. An Identification Manual. American Arachnological Society.

          6 géneros y 59 especies presentes en la Península Ibérica:

  • Dysdera Latreille, 1804
                      - D. affinis Ferrández, 1996
                      - D. alentejana Ferrández, 1996
                      - D. anonyma Ferrández, 1984
                      - D. aurgitana Ferrández, 1996
                      - D. baetica Ferrández, 1984
                      - D. bicornis Fage, 1931
                      - D. castillonensis Ferrández, 1996
                      - D. cribrata Simon, 1882
                      - D. crocata C. L. Koch, 1838
                      - D. edumifera Ferrández, 1983
                      - D. erythrina (Walckenaer, 1802)
                      - D. espanoli Ribera & Ferrández, 1986
                      - D. falciformis Barrientos & Ferrández, 1982
                      - D. flavitarsis Simon, 1882
                      - D. fuscipes Simon, 1882
                      - D. gamarrae Ferrández, 1984
                      - D. helenae Ferrández, 1996
                      - D. inermis Ferrández, 1984
                      - D. lusitanica Kulczynski, 1915
                      - D. machadoi Ferrández, 1996
                      - D. mordax L. Koch, 1882
                      - D. mucronata Simon, 1911
                      - D. ortunoi Ferrández, 1996
                      - D. presai Ferrández, 1984
                      - D. scabricula Simon, 1882
                      - D. subsquarrosa Simon, 1914
                      - D. valentina Ribera, 2004
                      - D. veigai Ferrández, 1984
                      - D. vivesi Ribera & Ferrández, 1986

  • Harpactea Bristowe, 1939
                      - H. aeruginosa Barrientos, Espuny & Ascaso, 1994,
                      - H. algarvensis Ferrández, 1990
                      - H. blasi Ribera & Ferrández, 1986
                      - H. dufouri (Thorell, 1873)
                      - H. fageli Brignoli, 1980
                      - H. gaditana Pesarini, 1988
                      - H. hispana (Simon, 1882)
                      - H. hombergi (Scopoli, 1763)
                      - H. magnibulbi Machado & Ferrández, 1991
                      - H. minocci Ferrández, 1982
                      - H. ortegai Ribera & De Mas, 2003
                      - H. proxima Ferrández, 1990
                      - H. sciakyi Pesarini, 1988
                      - H. serena (Simon, 1907)
                      - H. stalitoides Ribera, 1993
                      - H. subiasi Ferrández, 1990

  • Harpactocrates Simon, 1914
                      - H. cazorlensis Ferrández, 1986
                      - H. escuderoi Ferrández, 1986
                      - H. globifer Ferrández, 1986
                      - H. gredensis Ferrández, 1986
                      - H. gurdus Simon, 1914,
                      - H. meridionalis Ferrández & Martín, 1986
                      - H. radulifer Simon, 1914
                      - H. ravastellus Simon, 1914

  • Parachtes Alicata, 1964
                      - P. cantabrorum (Simon, 1914)
                      - P. deminutus (Denis, 1957)
                      - P. loboi Jiménez-Valverde, Barriga & Moreno, 2006
                      - P. teruelis (Kraus, 1955)

  • Rhode Simon, 1882
                      - R. scutiventris Simon, 1882

  • Speleoharpactea Ribera, 1982
                      - S. levantina Ribera, 1982
 
Agelena labyrinthica © Pedro Cardoso