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Nombre común en ingles:
Hackled-Orb Web Spiders, Triangle-Web Spiders, Single-Line Web
Spiders
Nombre común en castellano:
Se desconoce
Familias similares:
Género tipo:
Uloborus Latreille, 1806
Diagnosis:
Small to médium-sized araneomorph spiders, three
tarsal claws; cribellate; entelegyne; eight eyes; metatarsi IV
dorsally compressed and curved under uniseriate calamistrum; femora
with rows of long trichobothria; venom glands absent; male palp with
two apical setae.
Caracteres descriptivos:
Caparazón:
variable; with a pair of lateral swellings posterior or median to
posterior lateral eyes; long and narrow in Miagrammopinae;
pear-shaped in Uloboridae and more triangular in Hyptiotinae;
clothed in feathery setae (absent in Uloborinae). Esternón:
two separate sternites with coxae II and III surrounded by a sternal
plate in Miagrammopinae; other genera with sternum long, oval to
triangular but undivided. Ojos: eight (4:4) in Uloborinae and
Hyptiotinae or four (one row) with anterior eye row reduced in
Miagrammopinae; posterior lateral eyes on tubercules in Hyptiotes. Quelíceros:
without prominent condyle; cheliceral furrow with cluster of small
teeth or with one or more large teeth; venom glands absent. Piezas bucales:
labium semicircular in Uloborinae and Hyptiotinae, labium and
endites long and distally pointed in Miagrammopinae. Patas:
three claws; femora with rows of long trichobothria; metatarsi IV
ventralli with straight, long setae, used as a comb as a comb to
draw silk from cribellum; legs I and IV longer than other legs in
both Uloboridae and Miagrammopinae, legs shorter and stouter in
Hyptiotinae; tibiae I with brush of long setae in Uloboridae. Palpo femenino:
with dentate claw. Abdomen: slender or with one or two humps
(Hyptiotinae and Uloboridae); or very narrow and elongated,
sometimes extending beyond spinnerets (Miagrammopinae); anal
tubercles usually large, two-segmented. Hileras: anterior
spinnerets three-segmented with second segment very short and
ring-shaped, third segment domed; provided with a single major
ampullate gland spigot and numerous piriforms; posterior median
spinnerets unsegmented; posterior lateral spinnerets with two
cylindrical segments; posterior lateral and median spinnerets with
numerous cylindriform gland spigots; minor ampullate gland spigot on
posterior median spinnerets in median position; no flagelliform or
aggregate gland spigots. Cribellum: undivided; often absent
in males. Calamistrum: metatarsus IV curved, with uniseriate
calamistrum; not as distinctly curved in Hyptiotes and Philoponella;
often absent in males. Sistema respiratorio:
two booklungs; posterior tracheae with single median spiracle in
front of cribellum. Genitalia: entelegyne; epigyne of female
with paired or unpaired caudal projections; male palp with palpal
tibia modified, short, disc-like to conical; embolus thin, circular,
coiled or a short, curved spine; cymbium with two apical setae. Tamaño corporal:
3-10 mm. Color: usually dull, shades of cream, grey or brown.
Estatus taxonómico:
Coddington & Levi (1991), Coddington et al, (2004) and Griswold et
al. (1998) consider the Uloboridae the sister-group of the
Deinopidae with whic they form the superfamily Deinopoidea, itself
the sister-group of the Araneoidea in the Orbiculariae. Opell (1979)
revised the family at genus level.
Distribución: Mundial,
attaining greatest diversity in tropical and subtropical regions.
Estilo de vida: Construct
complete orb webs or reduced orb webs ranging from a section of an
orb to a single line using cribellate silk.
Bibliografía:
-
Dippenaar-Schoeman, A.S. & Jocqué,
R. 1997. African Spiders: An Identification Manual. Plant Protection
Res. Inst. Handbook, no. 9, Pretoria, 392 pp.
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Griswold, C.E.,
Coddington, J.A., Hormiga, G. & Scharff, N. 1998. Phylogeny of the
orb-web building spiders (Araneae, Orbiculariae: Deinopoidea,
Araneoidea). Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 123: 1-99.
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Lehtinen, P. T.
1967. Classification of the cribellate spiders and some allied
families, with notes on the evolution of the suborder Araneomorpha.
Ann. Zool. Fenn. 4: 199-468.
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Opell, B.D. 1979.
Revision of the genera and tropical American species of the spider
family Uloboridae. Bull. Mus. comp. Zool. Harv. 148: 443-549.
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Opell, B.D. 2005.
Uloboridae. pp. 250-253 in Ubick, D., Paquin, P., Cushing, P.E. &
Roth, V. (Eds) 2005. The Spiders of North America. An Identification
Manual. American Arachnological Society.
3 géneros y 5 especies presentes en la Península Ibérica:
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- H. flavidus
(Blackwall, 1862) |
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- H. paradoxus
(C. L. Koch, 1834) |
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- P. producta
(Simon, 1873) |
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- U. plumipes
Lucas, 1846 |
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- U. walckenaerius
Latreille, 1806 |
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